Which information does HIPAA classify as protected health information (PHI)?

The classification of protected health information (PHI) under HIPAA specifically includes identifiable health information that is created or maintained by covered entities, such as healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses. This definition emphasizes that the information must be associated with an individual and contains details that can identify that person, which may include health records, medical histories, and billing information.

The focus on "identifiable" information is crucial because it ensures that only data that can be linked back to a person falls under HIPAA protections, thereby safeguarding individuals' privacy. Additionally, the term "covered entities" signifies those organizations that must comply with HIPAA regulations, reinforcing the requirement for them to protect the information they handle.

In contrast, the other options either broaden the definition inappropriately or misidentify what constitutes PHI, making them inconsistent with HIPAA's specific guidelines.